Which field involves the extraction and use of oil and gas while considering economic and environmental factors?

Petroleum Engineering is the correct choice because it specifically focuses on the exploration, extraction, and production of oil and natural gas resources. Professionals in this field are trained to understand the complex processes involved in locating and extracting these resources while balancing various economic and environmental factors. This includes assessing the feasibility of drilling operations, designing extraction methods that minimize environmental impact, and optimizing production to ensure economic viability. The fusion of technical skills and awareness of ecological consequences is fundamental to this discipline.

In contrast, the other fields mentioned do not have a primary focus on the energy sector concerning oil and gas. Civil Engineering is centered on infrastructure and construction; Mechanical Engineering deals with systems involving mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials; Electrical Engineering focuses on electrical systems and circuitry. While all these fields can intersect with energy use in broader contexts, it is Petroleum Engineering that encapsulates the specific challenges and responsibilities associated with oil and gas extraction.